Forex History of the foreign exchange market
The money began to be used during the time of the Pharaohs, although the Babylonians were the first to use notes and receipts. Given that in the Middle East each village had its own currency, foreign currency transactions emerged to facilitate tradebetween different individuals, regions and peoples.
During the middle ages, merchants were in the need of using a means of paymentmore convenient, a fact which led to the adoption of the notes, representing money. This process then subsequently became tickets. In this sense, the economy of theNations that opted for the use of notes began to blossom.
The foreign exchange market took its present form in the middle of the thirties of the twentieth century. London had become the capital of international commerce andSterling currency basis. However, the second World War changed the rules of the game, generating the collapse of the British economy. Meanwhile, United States, to not have been devastated by the war, emerged as the new leader of the foreign exchange market.
Forex
The Bretton Woods agreements
When the second world war came to an end in the year 1944, 730 representatives from 45 countries attended a conference held in the town of Bretton, whose purposewas the establishment of a new world economic order. The primary objective was tocreate a stable base for the devastated economic markets, and that led to the adoption of the dollar as a global base currency, setting its value according to the equation 35 USD = 1 ounce of gold. In addition, other currencies began to be measured in relation to the US dollar.
This was a great achievement for the American currency already that only 15 years earlier, in 1929, the United States had suffered an economic collapse without precedent, namely the great depression. But at the end of the war, the dollar became the main protagonist of the world, becoming the currency most commonly used nowadays, and in this way, a fundamental component in the history of the forex market.
The International Monetary Fund
Another important fact emerged from the Bretton Woods agreements was the establishment of the International Monetary Fund, or IMF, whose function was to provide economic assistance to developing countries. The IMF provides assistance to economies in difficulty, stabilizing them and encouraging their growth.
Forex
The Smithsonian agreement
The Bretton Woods agreements failed to achieve their objectives of rehabilitating and stabilizing the economy in Europe and Japan. Following the decision taken by the US President Nixon in August 1971, representatives of the ten most important countries of the IMF signed the Smithsonian agreements in December of the same year,putting an end to the policy of "tying" different currencies to the dollar and the latter to the gold.
Indeed, these agreements paved the way for a floating exchange rate, constituting the dominant policy in the world until today. Smithsonian agreements constitute theFoundation on which there are currency transactions as we know them in the present, enabling a high level of fluctuation in the exchange rates of currencies that takeplace in a market completely free.
Forex
Joint European flotation
In 1972, Germany, France, Italy, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, decided to floattheir respective currencies in conjunction, to a level of fluctuation of 2.25%, in order to avoid that these depend on the dollar.
The European monetary system to stabilize exchange rates, reduce inflation and pave the way for monetary integration had been established on the initiative of Germany and France. Exchange rates mechanism, allowed each participating currency was linked to a basket of currencies represented by European monetary unit and thus had a fixed exchange rate.
The participants had to keep its currency within the band of 2.25% with respect to the agreed exchange rate. This system was a progressive devaluation, and in the period 1979-1987 were made nine adjustments to the exchange rate of reference for each currency.
Forex
The era of the free floating
The era of the free-floating in the foreign exchange market began in 1971, and different currencies exchange rates became floating, i.e., by varying the supply and demand of foreign currency as a result.
Since then, the main variables that affect the forex market are based on economic issues. Charge particularly important macroeconomic indicators of the States, as alsothe monetary policies that secure the central banks. However, there are other factors that determine the value of exchange rates, among which we can mention social,political events, and mostly technical factors.
Forex

No comments:
Post a Comment